A.A. Liberal Arts, Lee College, 1993.
B.A. History and Sociology, University of Texas at El Paso, 1996.
M.A. History, University of Texas at El Paso, 1998.
M.A. Ethnic Studies, University of California, San Diego, 2001.
Ph.D. Ethnic Studies, University of California, San Diego, 2004.
Black-Latino/a Relations, Racial Violence, Anti-Racist Activism, Critical Race Theory, Globalization.